非生物胁迫是导致全球作物减产的重要因素,在植物应对非生物胁迫的生命反应中,编码蛋白的基因起到了非常重要的作用.随着研究的不断深入,发现microRNA (miRNA)在植物抗非生物胁迫中发挥着非常重要的作用.microRNA是一类非编码的RNA,长度约22～24 nt,通过作用于靶基因的mRNA进行调控.miRNA可以在植物应对多种非生物胁迫中发挥作用,如过氧化、营养缺乏、盐碱、干旱及其他机械胁迫等.我们基于目前的研究进展,着重介绍了miRNA的生物合成、作用机制,及其在多种非生物胁迫中的作用.%Abiotic stress is one of the primary causes of crop losses worldwide. Much progress has been made in unraveling the complex stress response mechanisms, particularly in the identification of stress responsive protein-coding genes. In addition to protein coding genes, recently discovered microRNA (miRNA) have emerged as important players in plant stress responses. miRNA are endogenous approximate 22~24 nt small non-coding regulatory RNA that play important roles in plants by targeting mRNA for cleavage or translational repression. Furthermore, plant miRNA have been shown to be involved in various stress responses, such as oxidative, mineral nutrient deficiency, dehydration, soil salinity and even mechanical stimulus. In this review, we focused on the current understanding of biogenesis and regulatory mechanisms of plant miRNA. We also highlighted specific examples of miRNA, which are important regulators for plant abiotic stress responses.
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