CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术在构建实验动物肿瘤模型中的应用进展

摘要

The CRISPR-Cas9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9) genome editing technology is a new type of gene editing technology based on the immune mechanism of archaea resisting the invasion of exogenous nucleic acid.Compared with zinc-finger nucleases(ZFN),gene targeting in embryonic stem(ES) cells and transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALEN) technology,CRISPR-Cas9 system is more efficient,simply to operate,and less cytotoxic.Moreover,it has been widely used in genome editing in multiple species and related tumor research,including research on constructing experimental animal tumor models.In this paper,we are aimed to summarize the research status and application progress of the the CRISPR-Cas9 system in constructing experimental animal tumor models.%CRISPR-Cas9是一种以细菌和古细菌抵御外源核酸入侵的免疫机制为基础开发出来的新型基因编辑技术.与传统的锌指核酸酶(ZFN)、胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)打靶和转录激活因子样效应因子核酸酶(TALEN)技术相比,该基因编辑技术具有操作简单、更加高效、更容易获得纯合子突变体、细胞毒性小、无物种限制等优势,但也存在脱靶效应等缺点.目前,CRISPR-Cas9技术已被广泛用于肿瘤相关研究中,尤其在构建实验动物肿瘤模型中取得许多重要成果.我们主要对CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术在构建实验动物肝癌模型、结直肠癌模型、肺癌模型、宫颈癌模型、白血病模型、脑瘤模型中的研究现状及应用进展做简要综述.