3-烷氧基-2-羟基丙基三乙基氯化铵的合成与相转移催化性能研究

摘要

With metallic sodium, lauryl alcohol and 3- chloro- 2- hydroxy propyl triethyl ammonium chloride (CTA) as raw materials, cationic surfactant 3- alkoxy- 2- hydroxy propyl triethyl ammonium chloride (DPAC) was obtained. Through the orthogonal experiment the optimum synthetic technology conditions were as follows: tetrahydrofuran as solvent, dosage of 80 mL (based on 0.1 mol sodium alcoholate);n(RONa)∶n(CTA)=1∶1;reaction temperature was 60℃, reaction time was 6 h, in this situation, the yield of product was 86.1%. Structure of the product was confirmed by FT-IR and elemental analysis. Under 25℃ measured the γcmc of DPAC was 36.37 mN/m, critical micelle concentration CMC was 1.80 ×10-3 mol/L. Product used in oxygen alkylation reaction, carbon alkylation reaction and aromatics oxidation reaction showed good phase transfer catalytic effect.%以金属钠、月桂醇及3-氯-2-羟基丙基三乙基氯化铵(CTA)为原料，反应得到阳离子表面活性剂3-烷氧基-2-羟基丙基三乙基氯化铵(DPAC)。通过正交实验确定最佳合成工艺条件为：四氢呋喃为溶剂，用量80 mL （以0.1 mol月桂醇钠计）；n(RONa)∶n(CTA)=1∶1；反应温度60℃，反应时间6 h，此条件下产率86.1%。产物结构通过红外光谱及元素分析结果得以证实。25℃下测得DPAC的γcmc=36.37 mN/m，临界胶束浓度CMC=1.80×10-3mol/L。将产物用于氧烷基化反应、碳烷基化反应和芳烃氧化反应均表现出较好的相转移催化效果。