禁锢中的变迁：民国时期新疆妇女地位变迁

摘要

In a long historical period, by the influence of economic and cultural development level and ethnic and religious, XinJiang women‘s social status was low, and exhibited a characteristics of“imprisoned”. During the period of the republic of China, XinJiang‘s important position in geopolitical was increasingly highlighted, and all kinds of forcesraced. During their governance in XinJiang, they introducedin western new thoughts, new ideas to make a series of political, economic, culture, education and social reform in XinJiang,and thereforewomen‘s social status changed gradually. The rise of women education encouraged advanced women went out of the family togo school to study knowledge, accept the bap-tism of the new ideas. After the establishment of women‘s association, it began to organize women to participate in social activities, especially after the rise of Anti-Japanese War, women inXinJiang widely launched the anti-Japanese education propagandaand donationwhich made most families women set up the concept of “Nation”, take the initiative to shoulder the responsibility and obligation of “National”.%在很长的历史时期内，受地区经济文化发展水平及民族宗教的影响，新疆妇女社会地位低下，表现出“禁锢”的特征。民国时期，新疆在地缘政治中的重要地位日益凸显，各方势力在此角逐。他们治理新疆期间，多引入西方新思想、新观念进行一系列政治经济、文化教育和社会改革，新疆妇女的社会地位由此发生了重要变化。女子教育的兴起促使先进女性走出家庭的禁锢，进入学校学习知识，接受新思想的洗礼。妇女协会成立后，开始组织妇女参与社会活动，特别是抗日战争兴起后，协会广泛发起抗日教育宣传和募捐，使许多家庭妇女建立起“国家”的概念，主动承担起“国民”的责任与义务。