河南汉族人群中19项遗传性状特征的分布及法医学应用价值

摘要

Aim:To investigate the distribution characteristics of 19 hereditary characters in Han population of Henan Province and to assess its application in forensic genetics .Methods:Distribution characteristics of 12 head and facial he-reditary characters including front form of hair , hair whorl, hairdo, Darwin nodules, ear lobe, cerumen, eye fold of the up-per eyelid, nose top, retroflex,twisting tongue, trefoil tongue and tip of tongue ,and 7 trunk hereditary characters including thumb joint, hair of middle finger, curl of little finger, handedness, cross arm, folding leg, and hand clasping of 1 010 un-related individuals were investigated in Henan Han population by using stratified cluster random sampling method .Re-sults:Six hereditary characters including hair forehead , Darwin nodules, eyelids, pointed tongue, trefoil tongue and hand clasping had significant difference between males and females (χ2 =4.868,5.493,7.264,5.298,7.769 and 5.144,P<0.05).938 types of combined phenotypes of 19 hereditary characters were observed among 1 010 unrelated individuals in Henan Han population .Out of them, 885(87.62%) types were found only once .Probability of match and power of dis-crimination were 0.001 2 and 0.998 8,respectively.Conclusion:Combined phenotypes of 19 human hereditary characters in Henan Han population has high genetic polymorphism which is helpful for individual identification in forensic practice .%目的：调查河南汉族人群19项遗传性状的分布特点并探讨其在法医学中的应用。方法：采用分层整群随机抽样方法调查河南汉族人群1010个无关个体，对前额发际、发旋、发式、达尔文结节、耳垂、耳垢、眼睑、鼻尖、卷舌、翻舌、三叶舌和尖舌12项头面部遗传性状，拇指关节、中指被毛、小指弯曲、利手、扣手、交叉臂和叠腿7项躯干部遗传性状的分布情况进行分析。结果：19项遗传性状中，前额发际、达尔文结节、眼睑、尖舌、三叶舌和扣手6项在男女间分布的差异具有统计学意义（χ2＝4．868、5．493、7．264、5．298、7．769和5．144，P均＜0．05）。在1010个河南汉族无关个体中，19项遗传性状构成的表型组合共有938种，其中仅出现1次的有885种（87．62％）；匹配概率为0．0012，个人识别率达0．9988。结论：河南汉族人群中19项遗传性状的表型组合具有较高的遗传多态性，在法医学个人识别等应用中具有一定的意义。