植物叶片结构与其耐阴性具有密切关系.为揭示浙江西部常见树种叶片对光环境的适应性,采用常规石蜡切片制片法,比较观察了苦槠Castanopsis sclerophylla,木荷Schima superba,杜英Elaeocarpus decipiens,乌桕Sapium sebiferum,短尾柯Lithocarpus brevicaudatus,石栎Lithocarpus glaber,浙江楠Phoebe chekiangensis,乌冈栎Quercus phillyraeoides,竹柏Podocarpus nagi,马尾松Pinus massoniana,水杉Metasequoia glyptostroboides,红豆杉Taxus chinensis,红叶石楠Photinia × fraseri,美丽胡枝子Lespedeza formosa和红花檀木Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum等15个树种叶片的解剖结构特征.结果表明:①水杉和红豆杉上、下表皮均为1层,栅栏组织和海绵组织均不发达.马尾松叶片为2针1束,横截面为半圆形.②9个阔叶树种栅栏和海绵组织平均厚度最厚；木荷、乌桕和竹柏栅栏组织为1层,短尾柯、杜英、石栎和浙江楠为2层,苦槠和乌冈栎栅栏组织最发达,为3层；海绵组织均排列疏松.③灌木树种栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度排序均为红叶石楠＞美丽胡枝子＞红花檀木.④对15个树种叶片解剖结构特征进行聚类分析,认为竹柏为耐荫树种；马尾松为强阳性树种；乌桕、红叶石楠、苦槠、乌冈栎归类为阳性树种；短尾柯、美丽胡枝子、浙江楠、杜英、木荷、水杉、红豆杉、石栎和红花栏木归为中性树种.研究结果可为调控现有马尾松单优群落的结构组成,恢复亚热带低山丘陵区地带性森林植被提供理论依据.%To reveal leaf adaptability to the light environment for tree species common to the Western Zhejiang,characteristics of the leaf anatomical structure in 15 tree species'seedlings:Castanopsis sclerophylla,Schima superba,Elaeocarpus decipiens,Sapium sebiferum,Lithocarpus brevicaudatus,Lithocarpus glaber,Phoebe chekiangensis,Quercus phillyraeoides,Podocarpus nagi,Pinus massoniana,Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Taxus chinensis,Photinia × fraseri,Lespedeza formosa,and Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum were studied using the paraffin section method and a cluster analysis for leaf anatomical structure.Results showed that:1)M.glyptostroboides and T.chinensis had an upper epidermis thickness(UET) of one layer with less developed palisade and sponge tissue; Pinus massoniana had needles in bunches of two with a half-round cross section.2)The nine broadleaf tree species had the thickest palisade and sponge tissue.Schima superba,Sapium sebiferum,and Podocarpus nagi had one layer of palisade tissue; Lithocarpus brevicaudatus,E.decipiens,Lithocarpus glaber,and Phoebe chekiangensis had two layers of palisade tissue.C.sclerophylla and Q.phillyraeoides had the most developed palisade tissue with three layers.Sponge tissue revealed a loose arrangement.3)The order for palisade and sponge tissue thickness with shrub species was Photinia × fraseri ＞Lespedezaformosa ＞ Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum.4)The cluster analysis of leaf anatomical structure showed that Podocarpus nagiwas a shade-tolerant tree species; Pinus massoniana belonged to a strong positive species; Sapium sebiferum,Photinia × fraseri,C.sclerophylla,and Q.phillyraeoides were positive species;and Lithocarpus brevicaudatus,Lespedeza formosa,Phoebe chekiangensis,E.decipiens,Schima superba,M.glyptostroboides,T.chinensis,Lithocarpus glaber,and Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum were classified as neutral tree species.These results provided a developmental basis for the monodominant synusium structural regulation and control of Pinus massoniana and for zonal forest vegetation recovery of low mountain and hill areas.
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