生活污水污泥驯化过程中细菌多样性及演替规律

摘要

采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术分析了实验室生活污水处理系统(Anoxic/Oxic工艺)好氧池内细菌多样性及演替规律,推究污泥中优势细菌与水质变化之间的关系.提取不同驯化时期污泥的细菌总DNA,以细菌的通用引物PCR扩增16S rRNA基因V3区,DGGE分析扩增产物,并对优势细菌的DNA片段进行回收、序列分析；构建驯化稳定后污泥的16SrDNA克隆文库.结果表明:系统内细菌群落结构随污泥驯化过程的进行发生了明显的演替变化,克隆文库的序列分析表明污泥中细菌种群具有丰富的多样性,主要包括Proteobacteria类群,Bacteroidetes类群,Firmicutes类群,Zoogloea sp.,Pseudomonas sp.,Rhodobacter sp.,Planctomyces sp.,Clostridium sp.等.DGGE优势条带的测序结果结合水质处理效果分析表明:Proteobacteria类群,Pedobacter sp.,Sphingobacterium sp.对CODcr的去除起到了关键的作用.%The polymerase chain reaction-degeneration gradient gel electrophoresis technology (PCR-DGGE) was used for evaluating the bacterial diversity and community succession in the activated sludge of the laboratory domestic wastewater treatment system (anoxic-aerobic process, A/O), and the relationship between the dominant bacteria and the change of water quality was examined. The bacterial DNA of different acclimation periods sludge samples were extracted, and 16S rDNA V3 region was amplified using the bacterial universal primers. Then the PCR products were analyzed using DGGE. The DNA fragments of dominant bacteria in the DGGE gel were excised and sequenced. In addition, 16S rDNA clone library sequence analysis method was applied for studying the bacteria community composition of the stable sludge. The results showed that, obvious changes of bacterial community structures happened during the sludge acclimation. The clone library sequence analysis indicated that the bacterial diversity of the activated sludge was broad, mainly included Proteobacteria groups, Bacteroidetes groups, Firmicutes groups, Zoogloea sp. , Pseudomonas sp. , Rhodobacter sp. , Planctomyces sp. , Clostridium sp. And so on. The sequencing results of dominant bands in the DGGE combined with water treatment effect showed that Proteobacteria groups, Pedobacter sp. And Sphingobacterium sp. Played a key role in removing CODcr.