象山港海洋牧场示范区渔业资源的时空分布

摘要

Based on the data from tow-quarter fishery survey in 2010, the spatial and temporal distribution, community structure, resource density of sea fishery resources in XiangShan Harbor demonstration plot were analyzed. The survey altogether found 63 catches, including 29 species of fish, 19 of shrimps, 12 of crabs, 3 of shellfish. The number of species, quantity and quantity catches, quantity and quantity of resource density in Summer were significantly higher than that in Spring. The average density of the resources in two quarter, crabs was the highest In quality of varieties, for 78. 864 kg o km-2 , followed by shrimp, fish, cephalopods; in the average density of the resources across the varieties, shrimp is the highest, about 2. 976 5×104 ind o km-2, followed by fish, crabs, cephalopods. Fish content in appeared yellow croaker, anchovy, sea ell fish, but quantity scale economy relatively low, and low economic value, a goby fish a larger share of fishery resources, to development trend overall individual miniaturization. There is a close relationship in the harbor of fishery resources types and diversity pattern form between its terrain and hydrological features. Marine ecological quality of the overall pollution level was moderate, and this was a serious trend, which may be disturbed by human's activities or over-fishing. We suggest to proper control fishing intensity or fishing time, strengthen education of policies and regulations on the fishermen and increase the discharge and o-cean ranch proliferation efforts to launch to the protection of the resources, That is of far-reaching significance.%根据2010年春、夏两季对象山港海洋牧场示范区海域渔场调查的资料,分析了示范区海域渔业资源的时空分布、群落结构、资源密度等.调查中共有渔获物63种,其中鱼类29种、虾类19种、蟹类12种、头足类3种.无论在种类数、重量和尾数渔获量以及在重量和尾数资源密度上,夏季都明显高于春季.春、夏两季度,渔业资源平均品种重量和资源密度蟹类最高,为78.864 kg·km-2,其次是虾类、鱼类、头足类；平均品种尾数资源密度虾类最高,为2.976 5×104 ind,km-2,其次是鱼类、蟹类、头足类.渔获物中出现了大黄鱼、鳀、海鳗等高经济鱼种,但数量和比例相对较低,而低经济价值的虾虎鱼科比重较大,渔业资源总体偏向个体小型化.港湾内渔业资源的种类和多样性格局的形成与其地形及水文特征有密切关系.生物多样性指数表明,海域生态重量总体处于中度污染水平,且有呈严重趋势,这可能与过度捕捞或是人为活动扰动有关.建议适当控制捕捞强度或捕捞时间,加强对渔民政策法规教育、加大增殖放流与海洋牧场的投放力度,这对保护渔业资源具有深远的意义.