生活垃圾开放式燃烧炭黑的结构及污染物分析

摘要

A representative model municipal solid waste was prepared for open burning experiment .Carbon black was gathered and detailed characterization was done by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) ,X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and specific surface area and pore analyzer .Carbon black is made up of small spherical particles ,the particle diameter is about 217 .8 nm and specific surface area is up to 27 .554 m2/g .The carbon black shows high reactivity as abundant oxygen‐containing and chlorine‐containing functional groups are detected as well as catalytic metal .The carbon produced from municipal solid waste open‐burning contains abundant persistent organic pollutants ,such as polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) .The mass fraction of PA Hs and PCDD/Fs in carbon black is up to 8 .865 × 10-5 and 1 .92 × 10-8 .As the carbon black produced from municipal solid waste open‐burning is directly released to the environment ,as well as other gas phase pollutant ,more attention should be paid on its harm to the environment .%通过配置具有代表性的模拟城市生活垃圾，对模拟垃圾进行开放式燃烧并收集所产生的炭黑进行分析表征．利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM ）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）、比表面积及孔隙分析仪对炭黑进行微观颗粒形态的表征．结果显示，炭黑由粒径约为217．8 nm的球形颗粒团聚形成，比表面积高达27．554 m2／g ，且表面有丰富的含氧、含氯官能团以及催化金属，具有非常高的反应活性．对炭黑颗粒中的多环芳烃以及二恶英类物质进行检测，结果显示，多环芳烃、二恶英的质量分数分别达到8．865×10－5和1．92×10－8．城市生活垃圾开放式燃烧所产生的炭黑以及其他气态污染物直接排放至大气中，对环境造成的危害须引起高度重视．