在解析中发展马克思主义国家理论——读阿尔都塞《意识形态和意识形态国家机器》

摘要

阿尔都塞《意识形态和意识形态国家机器》虽直接源自葛兰西的“文化霸权”理论，却具有马克思主义的理论底色。“生产条件的再生产”作为“意识形态国家机器”和“意识形态”的功能表达，是贯穿全文的主题。《意识形态和意识形态国家机器》不仅发现并论证了意识形态国家机器，而且把意识形态的功能从上层建筑领域延伸到经济基础，从而揭示出意识形态国家机器和意识形态更深刻的存在意义。在阿尔都塞看来，这不是否定或者背离，而是继承、修正和发展了马克思主义的国家理论。%Ahhusser＇s Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses has a nature of Marxist theory, though it originates di- rectly from Antonio Gramsci＇s cultural hegemony. ＂The reproduction of productive conditions＂, as a kind of functional expres- sion of ideology and ideological apparatuses, is the main theme. Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses not only ＂ discov- ers＂ and demonstrates the ideological state apparatuses, but also advances the upper structure to the economic basis, and therefore displays the more meaningful merits of the existence of ideology. And this is, according to Althusser, not negation or betray, but the heritage, modification and development of Marxist state theory.