《史记·匈奴列传》“后四岁”军臣立为单于辨

摘要

About the year of Junchen Chanyu enthronement , the generally points concentrate on Hou Yuan the third year of Han Wen emperor , but a few scholars think that is Hou Yuan the fifth year of Han Wen emperor .It is researched that the two above points are both incorrect , and the year which Junchen Chanyu enthronement should be Hou Yuan the forth year of Han Wen emperor .Xu Guang made an earli-est conclusion which is Hou Yuan the third year , but his basis was weak and paradoxical .The ancient e-dition which was quoted by Xu Guang can prove an erroneous word in the current edition of Shi Ji· Hun Biography that “Hou Si Sui” should be “Hou Si Nian”.“Hou Si Nian” is Hou Yuan the forth year of Han Wen emperor and the recordation in Han Shu· Hun Biography can prove that again .The written re-cords of “Li Si Sui” in Han Yuan was more likely quoted from Shi Ji but not Han Shu.%关于军臣单于即位年代，一般认为是汉文帝后元三年，也有少数人认为是汉文帝后元五年。经考证，上述二说不确，军臣单于当立于汉文帝后元四年。徐广最早得出了军臣单于立于汉文帝后元三年的结论，其根据不仅相当薄弱，且自相矛盾。从徐广引古本《史记·匈奴列传》可证传本《史记·匈奴列传》“后四岁，老上稽粥单于死，子军臣立为单于”之“岁”字当为“年”字的讹文。“后四年”就是汉文帝后元四年。从《汉书·匈奴传》亦可证军臣单于立于汉文帝后元四年。《翰苑》军臣单于“立四岁”引自《史记》的可能性远远大于引自《汉书》的可能性。