基于超级电容器的电动汽车永磁同步电机制动能量回馈控制研究

摘要

首先对永磁同步电机、超级电容器和电池进行建模,其次分析电动汽车在超级电容器辅助控制下的能量回馈控制策略,最后通过搭建的超级电容器协助供电的双电源系统和永磁同步电机控制系统的Simulink 仿真,验证了:基于超级电容器的永磁同步电机控制系统在电动汽车加速、负载突然增大或爬坡时,可工作在升压模式下并使超级电容器协助蓄电池大电流为电机供电;在下坡再生制动时,控制系统工作在降压模式下,把再生制动能量回馈到超级电容器,这样不仅可以避免蓄电池大电流放电,还可以吸收再生制动能量,提高电动汽车工作效率,降低电动汽车能耗,缓解能源和环境压力.%Firstly, the permanent magnet synchronous motor, super capacitor and battery were modeled and analyzed;Secondly, the energy feedback control strategy of electric vehicle under the control of supercapacitor was analyzed;Finally, the dual power supply system assisted by super capacitor and the Simulink simulation model of permanent magnet synchronous motor control system were built. The simulation showed that the control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor of electric vehicle based on supercapacitor could render the supercapacitor to operate in the boost mode, thus its energy savings could assist the battery to power the motor in a short period of large current at acceleration, sudden increase of load or uphill; while at the downhill regenerative braking, working in the buck mode, braking energy was returned to the supercapacitor. Therefore, not only could the battery be protected, but the working efficiency of electric cars could be improved, energy consumption be reduced, and energy and environmental pressure be relieved.