The statistical analysis of 408 civil retrial cases shows that China has paid a high cost for the civil justice miscarriage. The fundamental factor lies in the structural distortions of the judicial system and the judicial procedure – not an equilateral quadrilateral litigation structure. To control the miscarriages means that the judicial structure must be reconstructed in light of order reconstruction. At the macro level, the independence of the court should be strengthened; the procuratorial supervision should be limited in the category of "illegal supervision"; the system of two trial final should be changed to that of three trial final, and the judge should be independent in practice. At the micro level, cases should be used to guide the system so as to enhance the standard of judicial judgment;the verdict reasoning should be strengthened;the gravity of the trial procedure should be forwarded to the pretrial procedure;the party's self-accountability mechanism should be set up;the retrial should be constrained;the retrial—the accountable court conducts a retrial according to its function and power or by the order from the superior court—should be abolished.%对408件民事再审案件的统计学分析表明,我国为民事误判支付了过高成本.究其原因,最根本的因素在于司法体制和司法程序上的结构性扭曲——不等边四边形诉讼结构.控制民事误判,必须从秩序再造角度重构司法结构.在宏观上应强化法院的独立性;将检察监督限制在"违法监督"范畴之内;改两审终审制为三审终审制,并切实实现法官独立.在微观上应借助案例指导制度增强司法判决的标准;强化判决书说理;审判程序重心前移至审前程序;构建当事人自我责任机制;约束再审,废除本院依职权再审和上级法院指令再审两种再审启动权.
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