Objective To explore the two-week prevalence and its influence factors of rural residents in Xinjing and provide some useful information for the government to formulate corresponding polices.Methods The stratified random sampling methods was use to questionnaire the two-week prevalence in the different re-gions of Xinjing and we extracted 6 regions in south and north of Xinjiang.According to the economic con-dition,three countries were extracted in every regions and 60 families who had the rural household regis-tration were extracted in every country.The data were analyzed by the chi-square test and Logistic regres-sion conditions.Results At this survey,the two-week prevalence of residents was 14.38%,and the top 5 illnesses that residents had within two week were physical pain(headache,leg pain,etc)(25.08%),fever (22.41%), cold (20.69%), heart disease (16.77%),acute gastroenteritis (5.96%).After Logistic regression analysis,it was found that,different region,race,age,education level and whether had the chronic disease were the influence factors of two-week prevalence rate of rural residents in Xinjiang.Con-clusion We should focus on the southern resident in Xinjiang,minority residents,children and the elder-ly,lower levels of education and those with chronic health service needs of residents,and improve their self-care ability,and improve the health levelsof the entire population.%目的：探讨新疆农村居民两周患病情况及其影响因素，为相关部门制定相应的政策提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法，在新疆南北疆共抽取6个地区，每个地区按经济状况的好坏抽取3个县，每个县随机抽取60户农村户口的常驻居民，对1080户4437名农村常驻居民进行入户调查，对居民两周患病情况使用单因素χ2检验及二分类非条件 Logistic 回归进行分析。结果居民两周患病率为14．38％，两周患病按疾病病种前5位分别为身体疼痛（头痛、腿痛等）（25．08％）、发烧（22．41％）、感冒（20．69％），心脏疾病（16．77％）和急性肠胃炎（5．96％）。两周患病率与不同地域、民族、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、不同医保类型以及是否患有慢性病之间的差异具有统计学意义。经 Logistic 回归分析显示，地域、民族、年龄、文化程度、社会保险类型以及是否患有慢性病是影响新疆农村居民两周患病率的因素。结论应重点关注南疆农村居民、少数民族居民、儿童与老人、低学历者以及患有慢性病居民的卫生服务需求，提高其自我保健的能力，提高全体居民的健康水平。
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