新疆煤矿工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患调查分析

摘要

目的 分析新疆煤矿工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)现状,为促进煤矿工人的身心健康提供科学依据.方法 采用职业性肌肉骨骼疾患问卷,以分层整群随机抽样的1 325名新疆煤矿一线作业工人进行调查,分析煤矿工人WMSDs的年患病率、1周患病率及因病缺勤情况,比较不同性别、民族、年龄、工龄、学历和倒班制度煤矿工人WMSDs的患病情况.结果 煤矿工人WMSDs年患病率为65.6％,年患病率顺位前4位的为腰部、颈部、肩部、膝部.煤矿工人因病缺勤率最高的为腰部WMSDs(25.7％).女性颈部、腰部WMSDs患病率均高于男性,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).不同民族煤矿工人的WMSDs患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).身体各部位WMSDs患病率随年龄、工龄的增长而升高.不同学历煤矿工人颈部WMSDs患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).三班两倒煤矿工人WMSDs的患病率最低.结论 新疆一线作业煤矿工人WMSDs年患病率高,应积极采取合理工效学手段进行干预和预防.%Objective To analyze the status of occupational musculoskeletal disorders among coal miners in Xinjiang thereby providing scientific basis for promoting the physical and mental health of coal miners.Methods Occupational musculoskeletal disorder questionnaire was used to stratify the sample of 1 325 coal mine workers in Xinjiang.The annual prevalence rate,the prevalence rate of one week and the absence of illness in the coal miners were analyzed.The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)among the coal miners in different sex,nationality,age,length of service,educational background and working shift system were compared between the two groups.The prevalence of WMSDs in the coal miners was also analyzed.Results The prevalence rate of WMSDs in coal miners was 65.6％,and the first four prevalence rate was the waist,neck,shoulder and knee.The highest rate of sickness absenteeism among coal miners was waist(25.7％).The prevalence of WMSDs in neck and waist of female was significantly higher than that in male(P<0.05).No significant difference in the prevalence of WMSDs among different ethnic groups was observed(P>0.05).The prevalence of WMSDs in each part of the body increases with the increase of the age and length of service.The difference of neck WMSDs prevalence among the coal miners with different educational backgrounds was statistically significant(P<0.05).The prevalence rate of WMSDs in three shift and two down miners is lowest.Conclusion Our results suggest that the WMSDs among first-line coal miners were serious,which must be taken seriously.It seems reasonable that the scientific intervention using ergonomic methods should be necessary for the prevention of WMSDs.