目的：筛选新疆鼠尾草抗血栓作用的活性部位。方法新疆鼠尾草全草分别依次用水、甲醇、氯仿水浴回流提取各3次（3、3、1 h），真空干燥分别得到新疆鼠尾草的水提物（SDS-W）、甲醇提取物（SDS-M）、氯仿提取物（SDS-T）。再分别取适量水提物和甲醇提取物用水溶解，分别依次用乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取、真空干燥得到水提物的乙酸乙酯部位（SDS-WE）、水提物的正丁醇部位（SDS-WN）、水提物的萃取后剩余物（SDS-WR）、甲醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位（SDS-ME）、甲醇提取物的正丁醇部位（SDS-MN）、甲醇提取物的萃取后剩余物（SDS-MR）。雄性 SD大鼠120只，适应性喂养1 w 后，随机分为假手术组、对照组、阳性对照组、SDS-W 组、SDS-WE 组、SDS-WN 组、SDS-WR 组、SDS-M 组、SDS-ME 组、SDS-MN 组、SDS-MR 组、SDS-T 组。分别用新疆鼠尾草的提取物及萃取物连续灌胃20 d，给药期间自由饮食，于末次给药1 h 后麻醉，用 FeCl3诱导大鼠左侧颈总动脉形成血栓模型，造模完毕后剪取血管称重、HE 染色制石蜡切片光镜观察各组血栓形成变化；从大鼠腹主动脉采血，采用放射免疫法检测血浆中血栓素 B2（TXB2）、6-酮前列腺素1α（6-Keto-PGF1α）、内皮素-1（ET-1）的含量，采用酶联免疫双抗体夹心 ABC-ELISA 法检测 vWF 的含量，并观察其对于血栓形成的影响。结果与对照组比较，SDS-W 组、SDS-MR 组大鼠血栓重量降低，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．01）；SDS-WE 组、SDS-MN 组大鼠血栓重量降低，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；SDS-WN 组、SDS-T 组血栓重量增加，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．01）；SDS-W 组、SDS-MR 组 TXB2水平降低，6-keto-PGF1α水平升高，TXB2／6-keto-PGF1α比值降低，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．01）；SDS-WE 组、SDS-WN组、SDS-WR 组、SDS-M 组、SDS-ME 组、SDS-MN 组、SDS-T 组血浆中 TXB2水平降低，同时6-keto-PGF1α水平升高，TXB2／6-keto-PGF1α比值降低，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）；SDS-W 组、SDS-MR 组大鼠血浆中 ET-1水平降低，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．01）；SDS-WE 组、SDS-WN 组、SDS-WR 组、SDS-M 组、SDS-ME 组、SDS-MN 组、SDS-T 组血浆中 ET-1水平降低，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）；SDS-W 组、SDS-MR 组血浆 vWF 的浓度降低，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．01）；而 SDS-WE 组、SDS-WN 组、SDS-WR 组、SDS-M 组、SDS-ME 组，SDS-MN 组、SDS-T组血浆中 vWF 的浓度升高，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．01）。结论新疆鼠尾草提取物 SDS-W 和 SDS-MR 部位具有抗血栓作用。%Objective To screen the fractions with antithrombotic activity from the various extracts of Salvia deserta Schang (SDS).Methods The whole herb of SDS was respectively extracted there times (3, 3,1 h)using water,methanol,trichloromethane followed by vaccum drying,to get SDS-W,SDS-M, SDS-T;other extracts were extracted with ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol from aqueous extract and methanol extract and with vacuum drying,to get SDS-WE,SDS-WN,SDS-WR,SDS-ME,SDS-MN, SDS-MR.120 Male SD rats were randomly divided into 12 groups,there are:sham group,normal control group,positive drug group,SDS-W group,SDS-WE group,SDS-WN group,SDS-WR group,SDS-M group,SDS-ME group,SDS-MN group,SDS-MR group,SDS-T group.All rats were given by gavage once a day for 20 days with the extracts of the SDS,and were fed with standard diet during the administra-tion.All groups were narcotized in 1 h after the last administration,and were induced with FeCl3 by the left common carotid artery thrombosis model in rats,and then the vessels were clipped and done hematox-ylin-easin staining to generate paraffin sections,and to observe changes of thrombosis in all rats;blood was collected from the abdominal aorta,and the thromboxane B2 (TXB2 ),6-keto prostaglandin F1α(6-Keto-PGF1α),ET-1 content in plasma were detected by radioimmuno assay.vWF content was detected u-sing double antibody sandwich ABC-ELISA assay to observe the effects of drugs for thrombosis.Results Compared with the control group,the thrombus weight of rats were shown to be significantly decreased in SDS-W group and SDS-MR group (P <0.01);so were in SDS group and SDS-MN group (P <0.05);the thrombus weight in rats were observed to be markedly increased in SDS-WN group and SDS-T group (P <0.01);the level of TXB2 was displayed to be remarkably decreased whereas the level of 6-keto-PGF1α was shown to be significantly increased in SDS-W group and SDS-MR group,therefore the ratio of TXB2/6-ke-to-PGF1α was shown to be significantly reduced (P <0.01);the level of TXB2 was found to be decreased whereas the level of 6-keto-PGF1α was presented to be increased,thereby the ratio of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1αwas also shown to be pronouncedly decreased in SDS-WE group,SDS-WN group,SDS-WR group,SDS-M group,SDS-ME group,SDS-MN group,SDS-T group (P <0.05);the level of ET-1 in plasma was signifi-cantly observed in SDS-W groupand SDS-MR (P <0.01);the level of ET-1 was shown to be markedly de-creased in SDS-WE group,SDS-WN group,SDS-WR group,SDS-M group,SDS-ME group,SDS-MN group and SDS-T group (P <0.05);the vWF level in plasma was found to be significantly decreased in SDS-W group and SDS-MR group (P <0.01);the level of vWF was observed to be remarkably increased in SDS-WE group,SDS-WN group,SDS-WR group,SDS-M group,SDS-ME group,SDS-MN group and SDS-T group (P <0.01).Conclusion The SDS-W and SDS-MR of extracts from Salvia deserta Schang were shown to have an antithrombotic effect.
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