不同品种杏果实发育过程生理变化研究

摘要

Six Xinjiang apricot cultivars:early maturing varieties,medium maturing varieties and late maturing varieties were used as materials to regularly monitor the respiration rate,total sugar and soluble solids content,firmness,cell membrane permeability,membrane protective enzymes and physiological indicators in the course of its development,comprehensive and in a penetrating way understand the physiological changes of apricot fruit during its growth and development.The results showed:the different varieties of apricot fruit had not breathed saltus phenomenon during development period.The hardness increased first and then decreased with the maturing and softness of the fruit,soluble solids content increased gradually,which showed "fast-slow-fast"growth trend,total sugar content rose gradually,at the maturing period total sugar content of most varieties.increased by 70 times by comparison with the initial value.Cell membrane permeability increased,eamong them,that of arly maturing varieties were most significantly increased,the change law of protective enzymes SOD,POD and CAT were different,increased to maturity,helped reduce the membrane lipid peroxidation,maintain the cellular microenvironment,ensur its good quality,SOD is the most important,when cell membrane permeability had a sharp decline in the apricot fruit,SOD activitysharply increased,maybe the SOD can clear superoxide free radicals,play a major role in the resistance to film damage,SOD activity were sequenced as follows:late-medium maturing varieties＞ medium maturing varieties＞early maturing varieties,further illustrates the storability of late-maturing varieties was better than earlymaturing varieties from the point of membrane stabilization of fruit.%以6个早、中、晚熟新疆杏品种为材料,定期检测其发育过程中果实呼吸强度、总糖和可溶性固形物含量、硬度、细胞膜透性、细胞膜保护酶类等生理指标变化.检测结果表明,杏果实发育期并未出现呼吸跃变现象.随着果实成熟软化,硬度先上升后下降,可溶性固形物含量逐渐增加,呈“快—慢—快”的增长趋势,总糖含量不断升高,至成熟期,大部分品种总糖含量比初始值增加了70倍.细胞膜透性增大,其中早熟品种细胞膜透性最大;SOD、POD及CAT等细胞保护酶类活性变化规律不同,至成熟期都有所升高,有利于减轻膜脂过氧化作用,维持果实细胞微环境,保证成熟时良好的品质.相关保护酶类中以SOD最为重要,果实细胞膜透性急剧增高时SOD活性急剧下降,可能是由于SOD可以清除超氧化物自由基,在抵御膜伤害中起着主要作用,SOD活性大小依次为:中晚熟品种＞中熟品种＞早熟品种,从果实成熟期细胞膜稳定性角度说明了晚熟品种的耐贮性优于早熟品种.