新疆3种野生山楂花器官形态特征研究

摘要

通过对新疆3种野生山楂-阿尔泰山楂、红果山楂和准噶尔山楂的花部结构特征进行测定和描述,并用扫描电镜对花粉粒表面形态特征进行观察,比较其差异,以此来探讨新疆野生山楂的花器官植物学特征差异.结果表明,3种野生山楂的花瓣形状和颜色均为椭圆形和白色,子房下位；花药颜色差异较明显,阿尔泰山楂和红果山楂为黄白色,准噶尔山楂则为粉红色；准噶尔山楂的花冠直径较大,为18．47 mm,阿尔泰山楂的花冠直径较小,为16．18 mm；红果山楂的花柱较长,为5．48 mm,阿尔泰山楂的较短,为4．75 mm；准噶尔山楂的花药较大,为1．93 mm ×1．19 mm,阿尔泰山楂的较小,为1．72 mm×1．13 mm.3种野生山楂的雌蕊均低于雄蕊,阿尔泰山楂和红果山楂多为五柱头花,准噶尔山楂则多为双柱头花.花粉均为超长球形,准噶尔山楂的花粉外壁纹饰密集,条脊较宽；阿尔泰山楂的外壁纹饰较稀疏；红果山楂的外壁纹饰较密集且整齐,穿孔较少.3种野生山楂花药颜色和柱头数差异明显；花粉粒由大到小排列为：准噶尔山楂＞红果山楂＞阿尔泰山楂,红果山楂和准噶尔山楂的外壁纹饰较密集,准噶尔山楂的条脊较宽.%The 3 types of structural characteristics of Xinjiang wild hawthorn such as Altai hawthorn, Crabapple hawthorn and Junggar hawthorn were discovered and investigated,and the surface morphological characteristics of pollen grains were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM)to find the differ-ences of flower organs characteristics of Xinjiang wild hawhtorn.It suggested that the shape of the 3 types of wild hawthorn was oval,the color was white.They all have the inferior ovary.The anther color of Altai hawthorn and Crabapple hawthorn were yellow-white,that of Junggar hawthorn was pink.The cocolla di-ameter is 18.47 mm,that of Altai hawthorn was 1 6.18 mm;The style length of Crabapple hawthorn was 5.48 mm,that of Altai hawthorn was shorter accounting for 4.75 mm;The anther of Junggar hawthorn was bigger than others accounting for 1.93 mm×1.1 9 mm,that of Altai hawthorn was smaller than others,ac-counting for 1.72 mm× 1.13 mm.The pistil of 3 types of wild hawtorns all were lower than that of the stamem.Altai hawthorn and Crabapple hawthorn both have five stigmas and Jungger hawthorn has double stigmas and its exime ornamentation was dense,the ridge was wider than that of other two hawthorns;The exine ornamentation of Altai hawthorn was dense and in good order and fewer perforations.It was conducted that there were significant differences between anther color and stigma number of the 3 types of wild hawthorns.Thesize of pollen grains were sequenced as follows:Junggar hawthorn>Crabapple hawthorn>Altai hawthorn,the exine ornamentations of Crabapple hawthorn and Junggar hawthorn were denser,the ridge of Junggar hawthorn was wider than that of other two hawthorns.