温度和土壤含水量对意大利蝗卵滞育后期发育和存活的影响

摘要

采用三因素完全随机区组设计,于2014年4月至6月研究了由5种温度(17、22、27、32、37℃),6种土壤相对含水量(5％、15％、25％、35％、45％和55％),3个不同时间(8月5日、8月12日和8月23日)所产卵组成的90个处理组合,明确温度和土壤相对含水量对不同产卵时间的意大利蝗卵发育和存活的影响,并探讨影响意大利蝗卵发育和存活的主次因素.结果表明,低温(17℃)和高温(37℃)会显著降低意大利蝗卵的孵化率,意大利蝗卵发育的适温范围为22~32℃,其中最适宜的温度为27℃.适宜土壤相对含水量范围在35％~55％,5％土壤相对含水量的发育历期和孵化率最低(P ＜0．05).8月中旬所产蝗卵的孵化率最高.最适因素组合为恒温27℃,土壤相对含水量45％,8月中旬所产卵.温度(T0)与蝗卵的发育历期(T)呈极显著线性负相关关系(T ＝－5．6128T0＋25．564,R2＝0．7932).意大利蝗卵的存活和发育的最主要因素分别是土壤相对含水量和温度.%Three factors,including temperature,soil moisture and oviposition time,were randomly de-signed to study 5 temperatures (17℃,22℃,27℃,32℃,37℃),6 soil moistures (5%,15%,25%,35%, 45%,55%),3 different oviposition time (Aug.5,Aug.12 and Aug.23)and determine the influence of tem-perature and soil relative water content on the development and survival of Culliptamus italicus L.eggs in different ovipositions time,and the primary and secondary factors of development and survival of Cullipta-mus italicus L.eggs were discussed.The result showed that low temperature (1 7℃)and high temperature (3 7℃)both would significantly decrease rate of hatchability of C.italicus L.eggs.The appropriate soil moisture ranged from 35% to 55%,when soil relative moisture was 5%,the eggs had the lowest hatching rate and development duration.There were the highest hatching rate of C.italicus L.eggs on the middle ten days of Aug..The constant temperature 27 ℃ was the optimum factor combination,when there were soil relative moisture.The eggs development duration was negatively correlated with temperature (T =-5.6128T0+25.514,R2=0.793 2).The key factors of survival and development of C.italicus L.eggs were relative moisture content and temperature of soil.