氮磷钾肥配施对甘草生物产量和品质的肥效研究

摘要

通过两年田间小区实验,研究了氮磷钾肥配施对甘草生物产量以及品质因素的影响.设置不施肥为对照(CK)、低肥(尿素50 kg/hm2+过磷酸钙70 kg/hm2+硫酸钾60 kg/hm2)、中肥(尿素100 kg/hm2+过磷酸钙145 kg/hm2+硫酸钾115 kg/hm2)、偏高肥(尿素200 kg/hm2+过磷酸钙290 kg/hm2+硫酸钾230 kg/hm2)和高肥(尿素400 kg/hm2+过磷酸钙580 kg/hm2+硫酸钾460 kg/hm2)处理,第一年施用施肥量的70%,次年施用30%,测定了甘草生物量、甘草酸和甘草苷等指标.结果表明:施用不同水平氮磷钾肥对甘草地上、地下生物量以及甘草酸和甘草苷含量的影响显著(P中肥处理>高肥处理>低肥处理>对照;施肥第二年地上生物量的增长量高于第一年,地下生物量、甘草酸和甘草苷含量施肥后持续增长;施肥处理的地上和地下生物量分别比对照高217.91%和165.06%,甘草酸和甘草苷含量比对照高105.14%和102.22%.肥效最好的为偏高肥处理,次之为中肥处理.在新疆甘草生产中,建议采用本研究中的偏高施肥量:尿素200 kg/hm2,过磷酸钙290 kg/hm2,硫酸钾230 kg/hm2,次之为中肥施肥量:尿素100 kg/hm2,过磷酸钙145 kg/hm2,硫酸钾115 kg/hm2.%The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on the yield and quality of licorice were studied through two years field plot experiments.Setting no fertilization as CK,low amount of fertiliz-er (urea 50 kg/hm2+ superphosphate 70 kg/hm2+ potassium sulfate 60 kg/hm2 ),intermediate amount of fertilizer (urea 100 kg/hm2+ superphosphate 145 kg/hm2+ potassium sulfate 115 kg/hm2 ),a little high amount of fertilizer (urea 200 kg/hm2+ superphosphate 290 kg/hm2+ potassium sulfate 230 kg/hm2 ) and high amount of fertilizer (urea 400 kg/hm2 + superphosphate 580 kg/hm2 + potassium sulfate 460 kg/hm2 )etc.as the experimental treatments.The amount of fertilizer applied in the first year was 70%,and the next year was 30%.The biomass,glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhizic liquiritin were measured. The results showed that the effects of different levels of N,P and K on the ground biomass,the under-ground biomass,the content of the glycyrrhizic and the content of licorice were significant (P intermediate amount of fertilizer treatment > high amount of fertilizer treatment > low amount of fertilizer treatment > CK treatment.The second year above ground biomass was higher than that of the first year.The amount of underground biomass,the content of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhizic liquiritin content kept growing after fertilization.The aboveground biomass and underground biomass of the fertilizer treatments were 217.91%and 165.06% higher than those of the control group respectively,and the content of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhizic liquiritin content were 105.14% and 102.22% higher than those of the control group,respec-tively.The best outcome came from the a little high amount of fertilizer treatment and followed by interme-diate amount of fertilizer treatment.In the production of licorice in Xinjiang,it is recommended to use a lit-tle high amount of fertilizer in this study.That is,urea 200 kg/hm2 ,calcium superphosphate 290 kg/hm2 , potassium sulfate 230 kg/hm2 ,and the second choice may be intermediate amount of fertilizer (urea 100 kg/hm2 + superphosphate 145 kg/hm2+ potassium sulfate 115 kg/hm2).