读王力《古代汉语》札记三则

摘要

The ＂ban＂ in ＂guaren zhi yu guo ye＂, should not be ＂ban＂.＂Ban＂, in here used the original meaning, is the meaning of ＂hair on the temples＂.The ancients common used ＂the white of hair on the temples＂ expressing old age.The＂banbai＂in this sen- tence also accord with the ＂zhe＂ word strueture.Gaoheng＆Dong-Zhian ＂guzi tongjia huidian＂hasn＇t the example of ＂ban＂being in- terchangeable of ＂ban＂. ＂Wu,du＂in ＂diaoquyuanfu＂especially is differentiated,and the original meaning of ＂wu＂ is a small pud- dle; ＂du＂ is a ditch.＂Wu, du＂ generally is not divided, and refers to a small ditch.The logical relationship of the sentence of ＂shiyi＂ in ＂yuzhong shang liangwang shu＂ is false, so ＂gudaihanyu＂ should described it in the notes of anthology in the third volume, and in the fourth volume, uses this sentence to prove that rhetoric of the＂ancient＂ to be wrong.%《寡人之于国也》中的“颁”，不应通假为“斑”。“颁”，在此处用的是本意，鬓发的意思。古人常用鬓白表示年老。“颁白者”，在本句中也符合古代汉语中的“者”字结构，高亨、董治安的《古字通假会典》中也没有收“颁”通“斑”的例子。《吊屈原赋》中的“汗”和“渎”特指有别；“汗”就是小池，即小水坑的意思；“渎”是沟渠的意思。“汗渎”泛指不分，即是小水沟的意思。《狱中上梁王书》中的“是以”这句话逻辑关系是有误的，所以《古代汉语》第三册的文选注释中应予以说明，第四册用这句话来证明“稽古”这种修辞手法也是错误的。