2007-2016年全国重特大火灾事故分析及时空分布规律

摘要

为探索火灾发生发展的规律和保护人们的生命财产安全,采用数据统计和分析的方法,对2007-2016年的重特大火灾事故从发生时间、空间分布和事故原因等方面进行了研究.研究表明,火灾的发生具有明显的周期性、季节性、地域性和行业性.从时间上看,冬季为火灾的高发期,一天24小时中0:00-2:00火灾发生频率明显高于其他时间段;从空间分布上看,广东省的重特大事故发生起数大大高于其他省份,宾馆、商业建筑和加工厂占据了火灾发生场所的前3名;从事故原因来看,电气火灾所占比例将近49％,同时也是造成火灾中死亡、受伤人数最多和经济损失最大的主要火灾类型.对火灾事故发生规律的统计分析,有助于掌握火灾的时空分布规律,进而为减少和避免火灾事故的发生提供重要的参考.%Data of fire accidents were statistically analyzed to probe the characteristics for the occurrence of fires and to protect people' s lives and properties.The occurrence time,spatial distribution and accident cause of serious fire accidents in 2007-2016 were statistically studied.The study indicated that the occurrence of fire was characterized by periodicity,seasonality and territoriality.Among the four seasons,winter was of the highest frequency of fire accidents.Meanwhile,fires that occurred between 0:00 and 2:00 were significantly more than other times.For the spatial distribution,the occurrence of serious fire accidents in Guangdong province was much higher than other provinces,and hotels,commercial buildings and processing plants ranked the top three of the fire locations.From the causes of fire accidents,electrical fires accounted for nearly 49％ of the total fires and was the main fire type leading to the most serious fatalities,injuries and economic losses.The statistical analysis can help to master the spatio-temporal regularity of fires,providing guidelines for reducing and avoiding the occurrence of fire accidents.