中文物理学名词的命名和演化特性研究

摘要

针对近代以来中国物理学体制化过程中，中文物理学名词的命名和演化的一般特性和规律，采用文献调研和统计分析方法进行研究。探究了汉语表义语言的特点和物理学翻译的三阶段发展史，提出了物理学中文名词的直译、意译、音意混合、形译和词根扩展等五种定名方式。完善了物理学中文名词的定名规范：科学性、单义性、简明性、系统性、协调性、习惯性、中文性、国际性等原则。指出中文物理学名词的四种演化趋势。该研究获得的物理学名词的中文定名与演化规律，为以后的定名和演化提供了理论依据，有助于新世纪物理学科的本土化发展。%T he universal characteristics and rules of nomenclature and evolution of Chinese physical terms (CPT ) in the institutionalization of Chinese physics discipline in modern times are studied by the methods of literature research and statistical analysis .Based on the discussion of Chinese characteristics and the three phases of translating physical terms ,five modes of nomenclature of CPT are proposed , including literality translation ,free translation ,blending pronunciation and meaning ,mosphological translation and root extension .Then ,eight standards for the nomenclature of CPT are founded .Finally , four evolving trends of the CPT are pointed out .The study provides a theoretical basis for the future nomenelature and evolution of the CPT ,and plays an important role in the creation of physical terms in China in the 21st century .