无线传感器网络节点协作的节能路由传输

摘要

针对无线传感器网络(WSN)中数据传输低能耗的需求,提出了一种节点协作的节能路由传输(ECGR)算法.该算法由以下2个方面构成:在物理层,WSN根据数据包循环冗余校验功能获得能够正确解包的节点,然后利用竞争选取算法推举出簇头节点,并通过与簇头节点进行信息交换,形成协作节点簇,从而进行协作发射信号,最终实现多节点分集增益；在网络层,协作节点簇利用基于地理位置信息路由算法,促使数据包始终向目的节点路由,避免了数据包路由向其他方向扩散.与其他同类算法相比,ECGR算法不仅增加了节点簇的传输距离,而且降低了网络整体能耗,并将能耗平衡分布于诸多节点,进而延长了网络寿命.仿真实验表明,当节点密度为0.03时,历经400次仿真,ECGR算法的节点存活率比基于地理位置的路由算法提高了70％.%An energy-efficient cooperative geographic routing (ECGR) is proposed for wireless sensor networks(WSN). The proposed algorithm is composed of two aspects; at physical layer, WSN uses cyclic redundancy check to find out the nodes that can correctly decode the packet, A competitive selection algorithm is then used to select a header node from these nodes and a new cluster is formed through information exchange with the header node. Then, the cluster transmits the packet cooperatively and finally realizes multi-node diversity gain. At the network layer, ECGR uses the geographic routing to make the packet always rout toward the destination and to avoid diverging routes. Compared with other works, the ECGR increases the transmit distance of each hop, reduces the overall network energy consumption and balances the energy consumption among the sensor nodes, and hence the life of the network is extended. Simulation results in 400 simulation rounds and comparisons with geographic routing algorithm with 0,03 node density show that the alive rate of nodes in ECGR improves about 70%.