《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》的定位问题及语境分析

摘要

The Introduction to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right had been considered as the main document in which Karl Marx completes his two transformations. But the present experts generally deny this status of the Introduction. The context is very important to judge which point of view is more reasonable. Lenin never asserts that Marx completes two transformations in The Introduction, but he hints The Introduction contains the important political orientation. It is this orientation that leads to people’s misunderstanding of the status of The Introduction. Therefore, to make clear the Lenin’s thoughts in 1944 and Marx’s thoughts in 1944 is very important to reevaluate the theoretical value of The Introduction.%《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》一度被认为是马克思完成两个转变的重要作品，而今天的研究者则大多否认了这一看法。这两种观点究竟哪一种更加科学，需要重新回到文本来判断。事实上，列宁从来没有断言马克思在《导言》中完成了两个转变，但是他的表达却暗示了《导言》所包含的革命实践的政治倾向，正是这一倾向导致了人们的误解和争论。因此反思1914年的列宁和1844年的马克思思想的关联，解决两种定位的误差，对重估《导言》的理论价值具有重大的现实意义。