明皇陵石刻宦官及服饰考

摘要

Ming imperial mausoleum stone inscription took the image of eunuch as object, which vividly showed the eunuch apparel system and official system of early Ming dynasty. It bears great significance in filling the gaps in recording Ming eunuch. Eunuch stone inscription visually verified the historical records of Ming eunuch, and current studies can make reference to it to interpret historical records and eunuch apparel system. This study takes eunuch stone inscription as object, and draw conclusions of concrete grades of Ming eunuch. From time period and official level, the prototype of the eunuch stone inscription may originate from supervision in jails; correspondingly, its identity should be the supervisor.%明皇陵石刻宦官作为以明初宦官为具体对象的雕刻，可以直观的验证史料中对明初宦官的相关记载，其“乌纱曲脚帽”、“衣胸背花”、“盘领窄袖衫”等成为解读“明初”宦官服制以及等级的最好注释和确凿证据。为了与明皇陵文武官员级别相一致，石刻宦官的等级也达到了明代宦官的最高级别即正三品。而从石刻所处时间段及等级来判断，该石刻宦官的原型应脱胎于明初的宦官机构内使监，那么其身份应为内使监监令。