2种激素处理的山杏插穗生根过程中营养物质及酶活性的变化

摘要

以山杏嫩枝为插穗,用IBA和NAA处理插穗,以清水处理为对照,研究扦插生根过程中营养物质及酶活性的变化.结果表明,各激素处理插穗的可溶性总糖含量变化趋势一致,均呈“升高-降低-升高”趋势,且高于对照；生根率高的处理其可溶性总糖含量也相对较高,表明激素处理可以增加可溶性总糖的积累,从而促进生根.各激素处理插穗蛋白质含量变化均呈“升高-降低-升高”趋势,生根率较高的处理其蛋白质含量较高；各激素处理插穗的全氮含量在根伸长期均低于对照,但生根率均高于对照,表明低氮条件更有利于生根；各激素处理C/N值的变化趋势与对照相反,且均高于对照,生根率高的处理其C/N值也相对较高.各激素处理插穗的3种酶(POD、PPO、IAAO)活性的变化趋势一致,其中POD、PPO呈“升高-降低-升高”趋势,IAAO则呈“升高-降低”趋势；POD、PPO的峰值出现较早,表明POD、PPO活性与不定根的诱导有关,IAAO的峰值出现较晚,表明IAAO活性与不定根的伸长关系更为密切；生根率高的处理3种酶活性也相对较高,表明激素处理可以提高山杏酶活性.%Using the softwood cuttings of Armeniaca sibirica as the plant materials, IBA and NAA as the hormones, the change of nutrients and enzyme activities during the formation of adventitious roots were studied. It was found that the contents of total soluble sugar in softwood cuttings treated with hormones shared the similar change trend of ' increase-decrease-increase' , and were higher than those cuttings treated with water namely the control. The treatments with the promising rooting ratio were also the treatments with the high contents of soluble sugar, which implied that hormone helped the accumulation of total soluble sugar, thus promoted the formation of adventitious root. The change of protein contents under the different treatments of hormones showed the tendency of ' increase-decrease-increase ' , similar to the soluble sugar, the treatments with the promising rooting ratio were also the treatments with the high contents of protein. At the stage of root elongation, the contents of nitrogen of the cuttings trea-rnted with hormones were lower than the control, indicated that low nitrogen concentration was beneficial to rooting. The change tendency of C/N of different hormone treatments were contrary to the control, all higher than the control, those with promising rooting ratio were also the treatments of high C/N. Under the different hormone treatments , the change tendency of three enzymes namely POD, PPO and IAAO shared the common characteristics, the activities of POD and PPO showed the tendency of ' increase-decrease-increase' , and the activity of IAAO showed the tendency of ' increase-decrease'. The peak values of POD and PPO occurred earlier than that of IAAO, which implied that the activities of POD and PPO related more closely with the induction of adventitious roots, and the activity of IAAO involved more in the elongation of adventitious roots. Those treatments with high rooting ratios were those with high enzyme activities, which indicated that treating the softwood cuttings of Armeniaca sibirica could promote the enzyme activity.