为开展苏鲁两省杨木红变、绿变和黄变的变色病害研究,于2006～ 2011年分别对其6个县市木加工厂的杨木鲜变色进行了调查,并在实验室内对杨木的红变菌进行了接种变色实验.结果表明,杨木自然存放30天后,都会发生红变色、绿变色和黄变色,但是,红变色比绿变色和黄变色更常见,特别是其化学红变发生率可达10％以上.杨原木的红变色率占3.2％ ～6.6％,绿变色率占1.1％～3.3％,黄变色率占0％ ～2.2％.杨木单板的红变色率占4.0％～8.5％,绿变色率占0％～3.3％,黄变色率占0％～3.2％.由镰刀菌引起的新疆杨树溃疡病,其病斑下木质的红变色和黄变色的发生率分别为54.6％和11.3％,而在NL351杨树溃疡病病斑下木质的红变色和黄变色发生率分别为7.5％和3.3％.引起杨木红变色的砖红镰刀菌和接骨木镰刀菌的分离得率达45.5％.新疆杨树和NL351杨树溃疡病病斑的红变色木质部的镰刀菌分离得率为38.4％和31.5％.实验表明,接骨木镰刀菌是引起杨木变色的红变菌.本项研究首次提出了杨木鲜变色的概念.%In order to study the sap stain disease of poplar occurred in Jiangsu and Shandong province, the sap stain of poplar in 6 counties of these two provinces were investigated from 2006 to 2011, and the indoor inoculation of red sap stain was conducted. The results indicated that 30 days after natural storage, red stain, green stain and yellow stain usually occurred, red stain was the most common one, especially the chemical red stain could be higher than 10 %. The color change ratio of red stain, green stain and yellow stain occurred in log of poplar were 3. 2 % ~ 6. 6 % , 1.1 % ~ 3. 3 % , 0 % ~ 2. 2 % respectively, that of poplar veneer were 4. 0 % ~ 8. 5 % , 0 % ~ 3. 3 % and 0 % ~ 3. 2 % respectively. The red and yellow stain occurrence ratio of Populus bolleana canker caused by Fusarium spp. were 54. 6 % and 11.3% respectively, whereas the ratio on P. deltoides harvard, x P. deltoides lux were 1.5 % and 3. 3 % respectively. The isolation rate of Fusarium lateritium and F. sambucinum caused red stain were 45. 5 %. The isolation rate of Fusarium spp. causing red stain from Populus bolleana and P. deltoides harvard, × P. deltoides lux were 38. 4 % and 31.5% respectively. The experimental results of inoculation showed that F. sambucinum was the pathogen caused red stain of poplar. The conception of poplar bright-colored stain was proposed in this paper.
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