云南蓝果树保护小区--中国首个极小种群野生植物保护小区建设实践∗

摘要

Establishing mini-reserve to carry out in situ conservation is a fundamental strategy in conserving plant species with extremely small populations ( PSESP) . Based on practices of establishing the mini-reserve for Nyssa yunnanensis, a typical PSESP, we depicted planning principles and procedures, constructions and engineering in-dices, and management settings. The mini-reserve planning was guided by specific, scientific, timely, effective, and practical principles. The plan, containing functional zoning, protection engineering, population enhancing, and habitat monitoring, was achieved through five steps, i. e. , team formation, field survey, preliminary de-sign, action confirmation, and plan evaluation. Mini-reserve construction covered basically protection engineering, management settings, recovery programs, and monitoring plans. Mini-reserve management included rule and regu-lation formulation, patrolling and monitoring, awareness building, and scientific researches. It was highlighted that planning and establishment of mini-reserve should focus on not only the protection of remaining populations but also the reservation of spaces for population recovery. Methodologically, advanced technologies such as 3S tech-niques and research results from population ecology should used, as well as extensive participation of local stake-holders should be taken into account. As a summary of the first mini-reserve for PSESP in China, it might be a val-uable reference for in situ conservation of other PSESPs.%设立保护小区开展就地保护是极小种群野生植物拯救保护的首选对策。基于极小种群野生植物云南蓝果树保护小区建设实践，详细介绍了云南蓝果树保护小区规划的原则、内容和程序，保护小区建设的内容及其工程指标要求，以及保护小区管理的机构设置和运行机制。保护小区规划遵循“针对性、科学性、及时性、有效性和可操作性”原则，包括功能区划、保护管理工程、恢复措施、监测方案等内容，分组建队伍和准备工作、组织考察和汇总资料、分析问题和初步设计、再次考察和落实保障、完善规划和评审实施5个步骤完成；保护小区建设主要包括保护工程、管理工程、种群恢复工程等内容；保护小区管理则涵盖保护管理、监测巡护、宣传教育和科学研究等内容。强调了保护小区的规划建设不仅要突出有效保护现存种群的重点，还要为种群恢复重建预留空间，方法上不仅要依托种群生态学研究结果和包含3S在内的先进技术，还要注重当地利益相关者的广泛参与。作为对全国首个建成的极小种群野生植物保护小区规划建设与管理的总结，本文为制定极小种群野生植物保护小区建设方案提供了指导和参考。