企业人权责任实现的国家义务

摘要

There is a close relationship between corporate responsibilities for human rights and state obligations. Fulfillment of related obligations by the state is an important insurance for the realization of corporate obligations for human rights. There are three kinds of classification for theories of state obligations:the first is the dichotomy, i.e. negative duties and positive obligations; the second is the trichotomy, which aims for respect, protection and realization; the third is the quartation, which aims for respect, protection, satisfaction and promotion. In reality, in order to guarantee the realization of corporate obligations for human rights, the state obligations mainly aim for respect, protection, realization and non-discrimination, which constitute a whole so as to prevent, deter and deal with violations of human rights by corporations.%人权保障视域中的企业人权责任与国家义务存在不可分割的关系。国家履行相关义务是企业人权责任实现的重要保障。保障企业人权责任实现的国家义务理论存在三种分类，即消积义务与积极义务的“两分法”，尊重、保护与实现义务的“三分法”以及尊重、保护、满足与促进义务的“四分法”。在现实环境下，为确保企业人权责任的实现，国家义务主要为尊重、保护、实现和非歧视义务，它们共同构成了一个整体，预防、制止并处理企业损害人权行为。