论《史记》中的小人物形象

摘要

Historical Records recorded a large number of well⁃known historical figures while included a number of little images, and most of them were not named no detailed their stories, but they were a humble or historical images directly linked to the main historical figures, including ordinary women, visiting people, servants and laborers. Although they were the little images but they played their roles in describing the historical figures’ background or roles, or the pursuit of a complete narrative or plot twists and turns in the history of the roles of chance events. Sima Qian wrote Historical Records to reflect their little thoughts but also inherit the pre⁃Qin historical prose traditions, which had more positive impact on the later literature.%《史记》除了记载为人所熟知的一大批历史人物之外还载录了许多小人物，他们大多没有姓名，没有详细的生平事迹，地位卑微并且与历史人物、历史事件有直接联系，这些小人物形象主要包括平民女性形象、客卿门人形象、奴仆形象和劳动者形象。虽然是小人物形象，但是他们都起到了作用，或是描写人物的衬托作用，或是追求叙事完整、情节曲折的作用，或是在历史事件中偶然发挥的触媒作用。司马迁在《史记》中载录小人物形象，体现了他的民本思想，同时也是对先秦历史散文优良传统的继承，对后世文学创作也有较为积极的影响。