单船港内首尾双锚锚泊允许波高的试验研究

摘要

Currently, the allowable wave height of anchorage in fishing port in our country is empirically deter⁃mined with reference to foreign regulations, which is lack of effective experimental support. In order to verify the ra⁃tionality of current regulations on the allowable wave height of anchorage, physical model experiment on allowable wave height of bow⁃stern anchoring of a single ship was carried out and 275HP trawler was represented as the typi⁃cal ship. Anchoring force and movement of bow⁃stern anchoring system of fishing boat under irregular waves were studied. Impacts of wave incident angle, load conditions of fishing boat, wave height and wave period on anchoring force and movement were analyzed. The experimental results show that anchoring force reaches maximum with 90 degree transverse wave, increases with the increasing of load and wave height, decreases with the increasing of wave period. Similarly the rolling angle reaches maximum with 90 degree transverse wave, decreases with the increasing of load and increases with the increasing of wave height. When wave period gets close to the rolling period of fishing boat, the rolling angle reaches maximum and then decreases with the increasing of wave period. Obtained from the results, 0.7 m as allowable wave height is suggested in this experiment. The results provide effective support for the determination of allowable wave height in port and fishing cable design.%目前我国渔港港内锚地允许波高的规定是参照国外规定按经验确定，缺乏有效的试验支撑。为了验证现行规定的港内锚地允许波高的合理性，以275HP拖网渔船为代表船型进行了单船首尾双锚锚泊的物理模型试验，研究了渔船首尾双锚锚泊系统在不规则波作用下的锚泊力及运动量的情况，分析了波浪入射角度、渔船载况、波高及周期对锚泊力和运动量的影响。实验结果表明，锚泊力在90°横浪作用时最大，随着载重和波高的增大而增大，随着周期的增大而减小。横摇角度同样在90°横浪作用时最大，随着载重的增大而减小，随着波高的增大而增大；当波浪周期接近渔船横摇周期时，横摇角度达到最大，随后随着周期的增大而减小。试验结果得出，在本次试验范围内，此渔船单船首尾双锚锚泊时的允许有效波高建议取为0.7m。研究结果为港内锚泊允许波高的确定以及渔船缆绳的设计提供了有效的支持。