针对我国月球探测二期工程中将会遇到的月面软着陆任务,分析探测器的着陆冲击力学环境.提出一种适用于探测器方案设计阶段的着陆冲击力学环境预示方法:利用探测器着陆稳定性试验中测得的缓冲机构作用力作为激励,采用有限元方法求解系统的动力学响应；采用加速度响应的冲击响应谱描述探测器着陆冲击力学环境；用响应谱的包络加上一定的安全系数来确定探测器着陆冲击的最大期望环境.对某探测器的具体分析表明:由于着陆缓冲机构的缓冲特性,软着陆冲击力学环境的能量主要集中在接近准静态的低频段,而在高频段没有比运载发射阶段力学环境更严酷.因此在低频段需要设计专门的试验标准来考核设备.%For the purpose of the mission of soft landing in the second lunar probe of China, the landing impact dynamic environment for lunar lander was investigated. The characteristics of the excitation loads were obtained by analyzing the force data collected in the stability experiment. According to the load characteristics, finite element method was employed to calculate the structural response. Shock response spectra was used to describe the impact dynamic environment, and maximum expected environment was formulated by adding a safety factor to the wrap of the spectrum. The results show that the dynamic environment during soft landing stage is not severer than during other stages in the frequency band above l0Hz, which indicates that the design of the buffering system is appropriate. The amplitude of the response blow 10Hz is large, so special test should be implemented in this frequency range.
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