形状记忆合金对平板的刚度主动控制及优化布置研究

摘要

研究了基于形状记忆合金（Shape memory alloys，简称SMA）的平板结构刚度主动控制方法，提出了驱动器在平板上的布置形式。通过建立分析有限元模型并结合试验验证主动控制效果，结果表明利用形状记忆合金产生的回复应力可以显著地改变结构的刚度；通过调节形状记忆合金的驱动温度、含量和布置方式可以有效地控制结构刚度。在此基础上进一步采用遗传优化算法对驱动器布局方式进行优化，优化后的布置方案可实现利用较少的SMA驱动器提高刚度控制效果，为利用形状记忆合金实现对结构的刚度控制提供参考和借鉴。%The stiffness active control of a plate structure with shape memory alloys (SMA)was investigated and the layout optimization of actuators on the plate was presented.A FE model was established to analyze,together with some tests to validated by experimental results.The results indicated that the recovery stress produced by SMA is the main factor to change the structural stiffness.Meanwhile,it is effective to control the structure stiffness by adjusting temperature, volume and arrangement of SMA.Furthermore,the layout of SMA actuators was optimized by using a genetic algorithm. The results showed that the optimized layout is more effective with less SMA actuators.The results provide a reference for structure stiffness control.