重型卡车驾驶室结构噪声预测与板件声学贡献度分析

摘要

为了确定驾驶室内哪些板件对驾驶员的耳旁噪声影响最大，首先建立了重型卡车驾驶室有限元模型，通过比较分析计算模态和试验模态验证了其精度；在此基础上建立了驾驶室声-固耦合模型，进行了耦合模态分析，得到了声场和结构的耦合效应；以实车工况测试的驾驶室4个悬置加速度信号作为模型外部激励输入，基于耦合有限元法对驾驶员耳旁噪声进行了预测，通过与试验测试值对比进一步验证了驾驶室声-固耦合模型的精度；最后进行了板件贡献量和结构模态参与因子分析，确定了对驾驶员耳旁峰值声压贡献最大的板件，并通过对比分析板件厚度优化前后的噪声声压，验证了分析结果的正确性。%In order to determine which panels in cab influence the driver’s ear noise greatly,a finite element model of heavy-duty truck cab was established,and its accuracy was verified by comparing the computational modal and the experimental modal.On this basis an acoustic-solid coupling model of the cab was built and the coupling effect between sound and structure was obtained by using the method of coupling modal analysis.Then the driver’s ear noise was predicted based on the coupled finite element method,in which the external excitation inputs,that is,the acceleration signals of four cab suspensions,in the acoustic-solid coupling model were sampled from a real vehicle driving test.The comparison of the test value and predictive value further verifies the accuracy of the acoustic-solid coupling model. Finally,the panel contribution and the modal participation factor analysis were implemented,by which the panels that have the largest contribution to the peak pressure of the driver’s ear noise were identified.The validity of the conclusions were verified by a comparison of the different driver’s ear noise pressures,sampled before and after the optimization of the panels thickness.