手枪射击过程中士兵动态响应特性研究

摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate response characteristics of soldiers standing without support during their pistol shooting.A man-gun system model was established based on AnyBody software platform.The man-gun system model was driven by test data obtained with a three-dimensional motion capture system.The model was analyzed based on the inverse-dynamics principle,the “minimum-fatigue”criterion was utilized to deal with the muscle redundancy problem.The results showed that the behavior consciousness studies in the process of shooting and muscles instinctively shrinks according to the pre-tightening force of the last firing;in the process of shooting,there are 3 wave peaks for forces of muscles and joints,the first 2 wave peaks are due to passive movement of arms caused by firearms,the last peak is caused by the active control,the time from percussion to active control needs 243 ms;muscles fatigue rapidly intensifies after 4 consecutive shots.The results provided a referrence for shooting training and optimal playing of handheld light arms efficiencies.%为了研究士兵立姿无依托射击过程动态响应特性，在 AnyBody 人体肌骨建模平台中建立了人－枪系统模型。采用三维运动捕捉系统捕获了射击姿态，以实验数据驱动人枪模型。通过肌肉活动度最大／最小模型解决肌肉募集冗余问题，基于逆向动力学原理，计算射击过程中肌肉发力和人体关节受力规律。结果表明：对于手枪在立姿无依托连续射击过程，同时也是行为意识学习过程，射击结束后肌群会本能的按照上一次射击所需的预紧力进行有规律的收缩；对于每一次射击过程，肌肉及关节受力会有3个波峰，前2个波峰是由于手臂随着枪械被动运动造成的，最后1个波峰是主动控制造成的，从击发到主动控制需要243 ms；射手在连续4发射击后，肌肉的疲劳会迅速加剧。研究结果对射击训练和手持轻武器效能的最佳发挥提供了科学参考。