基于柔性环轮胎模型的电动轮固有特性分析

摘要

为分析分布式驱动电动车用电动轮固有特性，基于轮胎柔性环理论建立了电动轮柔性环轮胎模型，计算了电动轮固有频率及各阶振型，说明了电动轮在车轮横断面内模态特性，并根据电动轮自由模态试验对电动轮柔性环模型进行了参数识别。电动轮固有特性分析表明，电动轮零阶模态为与轮胎环切向变形有关的轮胎周向旋转，一阶模态为轮胎环变形和轮胎运动耦合，而高阶模态只与轮胎环变形有关。驱动电机对电动轮固有特性的影响分析表明，引入驱动电机后轮辋质量参数的变化对高阶模态没有影响，而零阶、一阶频率分别随驱动电机转动惯量、质量增大而逐渐减小，且自由模态频率高于轮心固定的约束模态频率。最后通过电动轮约束模态试验验证了上述结论，为电动轮动力学分析、选型及使用提供参考。%To analyze the inherent characteristics of an electrical wheel applied in distributively driven electric vehicles,a flexible ring tire model was established to derive the equations of natural frequencies and modal shapes.The in-plane modal characteristics of the electrical wheel were explained theoretically.And the parameters of the tire model were identified according to the free modal test of the electrical wheel.The analysis of the inherent characteristics shows the modal distribution.The 0th order mode is concerned with the circumferential rotation of tire resulted from the tangential deformation of the tire ring.The 1 st mode shows that the deformation of the tire ring and the movement of the tire are coupled with each other.And the other higher mode are only related to the deformation of the tire ring,which indicates that the mass of the driving motor has no influence on the higher modes of tire.It is presented by the analysis of influencing factors that the frequencies of the 0th and 1 st order modes reduce gradually with the increase of the moment of inertia and mass of the driving motor separately.The free modal frequency is higher than the constraint modal frequency of the tire with its centre fixed.The conclusions above were verified by the modal test of the electrical wheel.The conclusions presented provide references to the dynamic analysis,selection and using of the electrical wheel.