整星减冲击装置设计及试验研究

摘要

In spacecraft design, the isolator can be optimally located in the aft part of the satellite in order to attenuate the shock load from the launch vehicle.Based on a proposed analytical model, a shock isolator was designed, analyzed, and tested.Impact tests were conducted on a mechanical impulse pyro shock (MIPS) system.The experimental results show that the multi-layered shock isolator provides obvious reduction in shock load transmission from the support base to payload.Moreover, the effect of structure damping on stiffness, vibration transmission characteristics and shock attenuation was discussed.The shock isolator is suitable for use in spacecraft launch system, and the presented structure will develop to be a very effective means with great application prospect.%减冲击装置可以有效降低基础对有效载荷的冲击,在航天领域内的有效载荷及箭体分离过程中应用广泛.建立了减冲击装置数学模型,设计优化了结构尺寸,并制作了减冲击环样机;在响应板式爆炸冲击台上开展了冲击试验,并对冲击数据进行了冲击响应谱分析.结果表明,所设计的减冲击装置满足指标要求,而且大幅衰减了冲击幅值;此外,讨论了阻尼层对结构动力学特性及减冲击特性的影响;减冲击环结构适用于航空航天冲击环境,也适用于各类导弹仪器舱的整体冲击隔离,具有广阔的应用前景.