仿山羊蹄匣孔结构的减振单元设计及优化

摘要

Aiming at solving the vibration problem in the field of machinery and automobile,the goat capsula ungulae with excellent damping properties is observed and analyzed,and a bionic vibration reduction structure is designed and optimized by imitating the pore structure in the goat capsula ungulae.By using the stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the structure of goat capsula ungulae,inclined holes with inclined angle 55° inside the goat capsula ungulae are found.The bionic vibration reduction structure and injection moulds are designed and manufactured and a performance test system for vibration reduction is built.By adopting the experimental optimization design method,both the bionic vibration reduction structure and no pore comparative structure are tested on the vibration reduction performance,with natural frequency and the maximum vibration transmissibility as test indexes.The results show that compared with the no pore comparative structure,the bionic vibration reduction structure has smaller natural frequency and vibration transmissibility,bigger vibration reduction frequency domain and better effect of vibration reduction.When quality of pressure block is 760 g and pore inclined angle is 30°,bionic vibration reduction structure has the minimum natural frequency.At the same time,if the excitation voltage is 4 V,vibration transmissibility is smaller,and the vibration reduction effect is the best.%针对机械领域和汽车行驶的振动问题,对具有优异减振特性的山羊蹄匣进行观测与分析,设计并优化一种仿山羊蹄匣的减振单元.应用体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,对山羊蹄匣切片孔结构进行观测,发现山羊蹄匣内分布有倾斜角为55°的斜孔.设计与制造仿生减振单元和浇铸模具,并搭建减振性能测试系统,采用试验优化设计方法,以固有频率和最大传递比为试验指标,对仿生减振单元与无孔对比样件的减振性能进行测试.结果表明:仿山羊蹄匣孔结构的减振单元与无孔样件相比,固有频率和振动传递比更小,减振频域更大,具有更好的减振效果,且压力块的质量为760 g、孔倾斜的角度为30°时,仿生减振单元固有频率最小,在激励电压为4V时,振动传递比更小,减振效果最佳.