With the development of imaging equipment, all kinds of imaging technology application in the medical field have been expanded, especially angiography. The traditional vascular contrast media is given priority to iodine contrast agent. Along wiht the using and research of iodine contrast agent, iodine contrast agent brings severe allergic reactions, such as endangering the patient lives if don’t timely rescue, so that the safety of the contrast agents to use become increasingly signiifcant. As the contrast material innovation, special materials——CO2 gas contrast agent, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) contrast agent have been found, researched and applicated. This paper reviews the application progress and characteristics of traditional iodine contrast agent, CO2 gas contrast imaging features and the advantages and disadvantages, and focus on the imaging characteristics of gold nanoparticles contrast agents, biological toxicity, and the development trend of the future.%随着影像设备的不断开发，各种造影技术在医学领域的应用不断扩大，其中血管造影的贡献尤为突出。传统血管造影剂以碘造影剂为主。随着人们对碘造影剂的大量使用及研究，碘造影剂所带来严重过敏反应，例如抢救不及时会危及患者生命，造影剂使用的安全性日益重要。随着造影剂材料的创新，特殊材料——CO2气体造影剂、金纳米粒子（AuNPs）造影剂逐渐被发现、研究及应用。本文综述了传统碘造影剂的应用进展及特点，CO2气体造影剂的造影特点及优缺点，重点介绍了金纳米粒子造影剂的成像特点、生物毒性和未来的发展趋势。
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