公路长途客运中小件货物快运定价方法分析

摘要

Mter a survey of 10 long-distance highway passenger transportation stations in Beijing,we found that 50％ of the stations do not provide express services for small-size cargos.Passenger stations that provide such services have a low profit.The main reason is that there is no effective pricing method for small-size cargos.To address this critical need,we first look at the operating costs of all the parties involved with smallsize cargo express services.According to the customers' freight transport demand function,we propose a model for determining the price for small-size cargo express services with an objective function of maximizing the station' s revenue.Based on the model,the necessary conditions are specified in order for passenger stations and companies to operate such businesses.Furthermore,a method of fitting the transportation demand function is provided based on the actual operations and services.Finally,a numerical example is given to illustrate the application of the proposed pricing method for small-size cargo express services.%对北京10家公路长途客运站调研发现,50％的车站没有开展基于公路长途客运的小件货物快运业务,已经开展此项业务的部分车站,经营效果也不好,原因是没有确定小件货物快运运价的有效方法.为了解决这一关键问题,首先从小件货物快运业务参与方入手,分析了参与各方企业的经营成本；然后根据货主运输需求函数,提出以始发车站收益最大化的小件货物快运定价模型,进而提出公路长途客运站、客运公司开展小件货物快运的必要条件,并根据小件货物快运实际,提出拟合货主运输需求函数的基本方法；最后用算例说明制定小件货物快运运价的方法和步骤.