美国高承载率车道拥挤收费方案建模

摘要

High occupancy/toll lanes (HOT) have become an increasingly popular countermeasure to manage the highway congestion in US. In order to draw lessons from the experiences and theories of HOT lanes, the paper presents the concept and literature of HOT lanes, and then establishes a bi-level programming model to simulate the interactions between the HOT lane operators and users. The upper-level model simulates how the operators develop the pricing strategies with various objectives, and the lower-level model addresses how the individual travelers respond to the price strategies and traffic conditions. The paper designs eighteen scenarios to analyze the highway performances of various HOT operations. Results show that, HOT lanes show better congestion-mitigating effects than the conventional measures;the homogeneity assumption tends to underestimate the effectiveness of HOT lanes; and different policy objectives have significant influences on the HOT lane operations.%近年来HOT车道(即高承载率车道拥挤收费方案)已成为美国重要的道路拥挤收费策略.为引鉴其实施经验和管理理论,首先介绍了HOT车道概念与特征,然后采用交通行为建模方法构建了HOT车道管理者与出行者互馈决策的双层规划模型.上层模型模拟管理者的定价策略;下层交通均衡模型模拟个体出行者根据收费水平和交通状态变化而调整出行选择的行为.根据实施方案和应用条件,设计算例分析评价18种可能情形下HOT车道的拥挤管理效果.结果表明,较传统拥挤管理策略,HOT车道缓堵效果更高;同类出行者假设可能会低估HOT车道的缓堵效果;不同的政策目标下HOT车道的实施效果差异显著.