China’s railway freight innovation have put forward a “door to door” development mode, which is a new challenge for the railway logistics enterprises. It is a good opportunity for the rail freight enterprises to change the system and participate in market competition. The railway logistics enterprise will burden more assignment of the whole logistics. Therefore, it is a problem to be solved how to obtain an optimized transportation mode in spite of the trade-off between inventory and transport. Had analyzed the costs of inventory and transport, an overall optimal inventory-transport model was built, which was dominated by the railway transport, and combined a variety of modes of transportation. Then, a simulated annealing algorithm was proposed to solve the model, besides, an example was simply analyzed. Finally, several suggestions based on the model for the development of the railway logistics enterprise were presented.%我国铁路货运改革提出了“门到门”运输的发展模式，给铁路物流企业提出了新的要求和挑战。对于铁路货运来讲，这是改变体制、面向竞争、融入市场的良好发展契机。铁路物流企业将来要更多的承担全程物流的任务，因此，如何在具有“效益悖反”的库存和运输之间获得整体最优的运输模式成为亟待解决的问题。本文分析了铁路物流系统中的库存和运输费用，用时间因素反映二者的效益悖反关系，建立了以铁路运输为主导、联合多种运输方式实现“门到门”运输的库存-运输整体最优模型，提出求解模型的模拟退火算法，并对一算例进行简单分析，最后基于模型为铁路物流企业的发展提供针对性建议。
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