出行者(特指私家车出行者)路径选择行为的研究对于城市的交通管理和交通组织都有着重要的意义,而且随着交通出行费用的不断增加,以及道路拥挤收费政策逐步实施,仅仅考虑距离最短、时间最短来对出行者路径选择行为模型进行研究,往往实用性欠佳.针对以往的研究中考虑因素单一、模型实用性不强这一问题,运用能有效描述出行者不确定性条件下决策行为的前景理论,综合考虑出行者的出行时间、出行费用以及出行者的个人偏好、出行经验等因素,建立一个更为贴合实际的出行者路径选择行为模型.以实际算例的形式对比分析了,不同收费标准对不同出行者人群、不同性质出行的路径选择行为的影响程度.结果表明:与拥挤收费政策实施前相比,收费3元时,高收入水平出行者购物出行时的路径发生变化,而对于通勤出行,当收费大于6元时出行路径才发生变化；对于中低收入水平出行者来说,因为其较高收入者对费用更为敏感,所以拥挤收费政策实施后他们的反应也不尽相同.%The research of traveler's route choice behavior, especially that related to private car travelers, is of great interest to city traffic management organizations. As travel expenses increase, and the policy of congestion pricing is implemented gradually, using travel distance or travel time itself to study travelers' route choices is no longer valid. This paper uses the prospect theory to develop a more realistic traveler's route choice behavior model. The proposed model considers traveling time, travel cost, traveler's preference and traveler's experience. A case study is used to show the effects of congestion pricing onto traveler's route choice behavior. It is found that: compared to the scenarios without congestion pricing, high-income travelers change their routes for their shopping trips when the congestion toll increases to 3 Yuan, and they will change their routes for their commuting trips when the charge increases to 6 Yuan. While to the poor and middle -income travelers, because they are much more sensitive to congestion toll when compared to high-income travelers, their changes in route choices are also different.
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