基于微观仿真的城市轨道交通车站设施服务水平研究∗

摘要

Level of Service (LOS)of pedestrian facilities of urban rail stations is a key indicator of the service quali-ty of rail transit system.Reasonable LOS is of great significance in station planning and design.This paper provides a re-view of previous studies on LOS of pedestrian facilities.Pedestrian space is selected as the target to evaluate the existing standards of LOS in terms of categorization,the thresholds of each category,the number of categories and the corre-sponding descriptions.To explore the practicality of existing evaluation standards for urban rail transit stations in China, this paper develops a LOS evaluation model for pedestrian facilities based on simulation results of the Legion software. Taking Hujialou subway station of Beijing as a case study,simulation and observed results are compared.The results in-dicate that,though the standards for free pedestrian flow in Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual need to be improved,this manual largely reflects the observed conditions of subway stations and is a useful reference for guiding sta-tion operations in China.%城市轨道交通车站行人设施服务水平是影响轨道交通系统服务质量的重要因素，合理的服务水平分级指标对于车站的规划设计具有重要意义。回顾了国内外行人设施服务水平的研究历程，选取行人占用空间作为评价指标，从分级依据、阈值选取、分级数量和分级描述等方面评价现有标准的优缺点。为探究现有评价标准对我国车站的适用性，以北京地铁呼家楼站为例，利用 Legion 软件建立车站设施服务水平评价模型，对比仿真与实地调研结果，验证评价标准的可靠性。结果表明，«公共交通通行能力及服务质量手册»对自由状态行人流的划分仍有待改进，但总体能够真实反映车站实际运行状况，对于我国轨道交通车站的运营管理具有一定参考价值。