解说杜甫秦州诗中的“薤”

摘要

＂Xie＂ appears twice in Du Fu＇s poetry written in Qinzhou, which involves two poems. But what is xie？ The notes before Qing Dynasty did not give satisfactory comments while today it is widely believed that xie in these poems refers to the uncultivated shallot. The paper, based on the study of the ancient books on agriculture and other relevant works, concludes that xie, in Du Fu＇s poems, is a kind of common vegetable in China, which is cultivated.%薤在杜甫秦州诗中凡两见，涉及两首诗，一为因致薤而致谢，一为因需求而索薤。那么，薤到底为何物，清代以前的注释或不注、或简注，不甚明了；今人则多认定此薤乃野生之薤，这就完全偏离了方向。结合古代农书、本草类著作及《全唐诗》综合考察，可知杜甫咏及的薤本是秦汉以来中国的常见蔬菜，杜诗中的薤是家植之薤，而不是野生之薤。薤也是传统医学认定的养生佳品，唐人重养生，所以薤更是修炼者和隐士的其必备之物。