为研究后碰撞过程中人体胸部的损伤情况，基于人体解剖学构建了人体胸部有限元模型，模型包括胸椎、椎间盘、肋骨、肋骨软骨、胸骨、锁骨、肩胛骨、肌肉和韧带等人体组织。通过后碰撞仿真模拟，研究了胸部组织的应力及应变变化情况。结果表明：在后碰撞过程中，胸椎T1、胸椎T2和胸椎T3的应力和应变较大，可能发生椎体骨折；第一肋骨到第三肋骨的损伤可能较大，容易发生骨折；T1-T2、T2-T3和T3-T4之间的椎间盘应力较大，可能产生椎间盘突出等损伤。%In order to study the chest damage of the human body in the process of rear impact,a finite element model of chest was built based on anthropotomy. The components in the finite element model comprised thoracic vertebra , intervertebral discs,rib,rib cartilage,sternum,clavicle,scapula,muscle and ligament. Through simulating the rear impact of vehicle,the change of the stress and strain of the chest were obtained. Simulation results show that,in the process of collision,the stress and strain of thoracic T1,thoracic T2 and thoracic T3 are larger,which can result in vertebral fracture;the injury of the first rib,the second rib and the third rib may be more serious,prone to fracture;the intervertebral discs be-tween the T1-T2,T2-T3 and T3-T4 have to bear greater stress than others,which may lead to the prolapse of intervertebral disc.
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