Organic small molecule cations were used as molecular companions of reactive dyes, and dyeing of silk with reactive dyes using molecular companions as accelerator was studied. The results showed that organic small molecule cations had wonderful dyeing acceleration effect. Greater the hydrophobic of the cations, higher the dyeing acceleration rate. If the carbon atom number of hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain of cations was equal to or greater than 12, they would hinder the color fixation of reactive dyes. On the contrary, if it was equal to or smaller than 8, the color fixation reaction would not be affected. In the dyeing process, if organic small molecule cations were added in several times, the silk could be dyed uniformly. If higher hydrophobicity is desired, for meeting the requirement on the carbon atom number of hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain of cations equal to or smaller than 8, the hydrophobic part can be designed on the two hydrocarbon chains. When octyl trimethyl ammonium bromide ( OTAB) and dihexyl dimethyl ammonium bromide ( DHDAB) were used as accelerants in low concentrations for dyeing silk with reactive dyes, high color fixation rate was yielded, and the chrominance of the dye wastewater was low. So, OTAB and DHDAB are cleaner dyeing agents that have very good potential applications.%用有机小分子阳离子作为活性染料染色时的分子伴侣,设计了丝绸活性染料分子伴侣促染原理并进行了系列研究.结果表明:有机小分子阳离子具有良好的促染作用;阳离子的疏水性越大,促染效率越高;阳离子的疏水碳氢链碳原子数大于或等于12时,其会阻碍活性染料的固色反应,小于或等于8时,不会阻碍活性染料分子的固色反应;有机小分子阳离子分次加入,容易实现匀染;具有较高疏水性、最长碳氢链的碳原子数不大于8的有机阳离子,可以设计2个较长的碳氢链加以解决;溴化辛基三甲铵和溴化己基丁基二甲铵作丝绸活性染料染色时的促染剂,在较低浓度下,活性染料有很高的固色率,染色废水色度低,是具有很好应用潜力的清洁染色助剂.
展开▼
