静电纺多孔超细纤维膜的吸油性能

摘要

针对传统纤维吸油毡吸油量低的问题,采用静电纺丝技术制备了聚砜(PSF)和聚乳酸(PLA)多孔超细纤维膜以提高纤维吸油材料的吸油量.研究了纤维形态结构、纤维膜孔隙结构及亲油疏水性对真空泵机油和亚麻籽油的吸附性能和保油性能的影响.结果表明:PSF和PLA多孔超细纤维膜具有优良的亲油疏水性,纤维直径、纤维膜孔径和孔隙率、亲油疏水性以及吸油后纤维膜体积膨胀程度对其吸油量起主要作用,而纤维表面2~60 nm的介孔对提高吸油量没有明显作用,高孔隙率和贯通孔结构不利于保油;吸油1 h后,PLA纤维膜对真空泵机油和亚麻籽油的吸油量分别为50.1、34.6 g/g,PSF纤维膜对真空泵机油和亚麻籽油的吸油量分别为147.8、131.3 g/g;保油1 h后,PLA纤维膜对真空泵机油和亚麻籽油的保油量分别减少了42.04%和53.69%,PSF纤维膜对真空泵机油和亚麻籽油的保油量分别减少了62.17%和50.61%.%In order to solve the low oil absorption problem of conventional fibrous oil sorption mats, the polysulfone(PSF)and polylactic acid(PLA)superfine fibrous membranes were prepared by electrospinning to increase the oil absorption capacity of fibrous adsorption materials. The influence of morphology structure of fibers,pore structure,oleophilicity and hydrophobicity of the fibrous membranes on oil absorption and oil retention were studied. The results show that the PSF and PLA superfine porous membranes have excellent oleophilicity and hydrophobicity,while the fiber diameter, pore diameter and porosity between fibers, oleophilicity and hydrophobicity, and volume expansion degree of membranes after oil absorption have great influence on oilabsorption capacity. The mesopores(2 -60 nm)on the surface of fibers have no obvious influence on improving the oil absorption. However, the high porosity and through-out pores of membranes do not facilitate oil retention. When the membranes contact with oil for 1 h,the oil absorption capacity of PLA membranes is 50.1 g/g for pump oil and 34.6 g/g for linseed oil,while the oil absorption capacity of PSF membranes is 147.8 g/g for pump oil and 131.3 g/g for linseed oil. The oil retention of PLA membranes is decreased by 42.04% for pump oil and 53.69% for linseed oil,while the oil retention of PSF membranes is decreased by 62.17% for pump oil and 50.61%for linseed oil,after natural draining for 1 h.