路由设计是认知无线传感网络(CRSNs)中目前受到较少关注却很重要的一个领域。在CRSN中，由于主用户(PUs)对可用信道资源的随机占用行为，路由算法的设计不仅需要考虑如何延长网络寿命，还要考虑网络内数据传输的可靠性。本文研究了具有频谱可感知特性，且对能量消耗敏感的 CRSN路由问题，揭示了 CRSN路由问题的独特性，并将这类问题表述为在能量约束和变化的网络拓扑环境下的网络寿命优化问题。在回顾传感器网络的典型算法之后，提出一种新的路由度量来克服 CRSN的路由设计挑战，即认知能量度量(CE)。在此基础上，提出一种分布式路由算法以延长网络寿命，同时提高数据传输的可靠性。仿真结果表明，所提路由算法能很好地适应 CRSN中可用信道资源及网络拓扑的随机变化。%Routing remains as a relatively virginal but important field in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs). In these networks, not only the lifetime but also the robustness of transmitted data are concerned in routing algorithm design, because of random disturbance from the Primary Users(PUs) activity. In this paper, the energy sensitive and spectrum-aware routing problem in CRSN is studied and the unique characteristics of CRSN routing problem are revealed. This type of problem is formulated as an optimization problem for network life with energy constraints and random topology challenge. In addition, a new routing metric, namely Cognitive Energy(CE), is proposed, which considers both the lifetime and PU's random disturbance to data transmission. Based on it, a heuristic distributed algorithm to prolong network lifetime and enhance reliability of data transmission is presented. The performance comparison demonstrates that the proposed algorithm can adapt well to the changes of channel resources and network topology in CRSN.
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